The use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine is controversial for ethical and legal reasons. The approval of drugs from the competent authorities, and their use, are complicated by the application of laws and professional regulations of each country. Hemp-derived compounds are gaining medical approval for their benefits, and their use is an emerging field of interest with still limited studies available; further research is needed to document and support their clinical use. Cannabinoids are a group of compounds that interact with the endocannabinoid receptor system, extracted from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), that have been tested for different therapeutic purposes in dogs, cats, and ferrets; these compounds include antispastics, antiemetics, anticonvulsants, and appetite stimulants known for their neuroprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The endocannabinoid receptor system, composed of two cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and their ligands, plays a key role in pain modulation and inflammation attenuation. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic cannabinoid that exerts immunomodulatory, antihyperalgesic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, acting as a non-competitive allosteric antagonist of CB receptors.